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MASTER'S DISSERTATION
USER RESEARCH / 2026

机场旅客
流程理解研究

研究首次及低频乘机旅客如何理解机场导视、流程阶段与下一步行动条件。

研究地点贵州 · 贵阳 / 兴义 / 德江
研究材料真实旅客访谈与现场观察
研究方法多案例比较 / 主题分析
成果性质问题诊断与设计原则
01 / RESEARCH QUESTION

旅客迷失的,
不一定是方向。

传统机场寻路研究重视空间布局与标识。但旅客即使看得见值机柜台、安检入口或登机口,也可能不知道现在是否该过去、进入前要准备什么,或者航班信息变化后该等待多久。论文由此提出一个区别:找到位置,与理解服务流程,不是同一件事。

“当前处于哪一步?
接下来能做什么?”

02 / FIELD RESEARCH

三个机场,
观察不同情境下的同一旅程。

我在贵州选择大型枢纽、成熟区域机场和新投入使用的小型机场作为对照,完成 19 位旅客的半结构式访谈,并记录旅客使用显示屏、手机、标识及工作人员帮助的情境。研究分析的是旅客如何判断下一步,不是给机场服务质量排名。

07 / 贵阳

信息密度较高,重点观察旅客如何筛选航班信息、核对不同渠道。

06 / 兴义

空间更紧凑,用来比较较低信息密度下仍会出现的流程疑问。

06 / 德江相关旅程

关注新机场与较少乘机经验的交汇;其中 3 位相关旅客在贵阳出发端受访。

如何把旅客经历转成可比较的发现

我先匿名整理访谈记录,再把与信息查找、流程判断、行动选择和求助相关的回答拆分为分析材料。初始编码帮助标记反复出现的主题;随后将主题放回不同机场和旅程阶段中对照,区分“某个场景的具体困难”与“可能跨场景出现的流程理解问题”。

访谈与观察
原始材料
→518 条回答
整理归档
→58 个初始编码
主题归纳
→跨机场比较
形成设计问题
COMPARE CONTEXTS

比较情境,不排机场名次

机场规模和信息密度提供了不同观察条件。跨案例对照帮助辨认:哪些疑问与空间或信息环境有关,哪些更像是旅客需要理解服务阶段与行动条件。

TRACE THE JOURNEY

把回答放回行动顺序

单条信息是否“存在”并非唯一标准;还要看旅客在当时能否用它决定下一步,以及遇到变化时是否知道去哪里确认。

访谈材料经匿名整理,形成 518 条回答记录和 58 个初始编码;通过主题分析和跨案例比较提炼发现。样本用于理解具体情境,不代表贵州旅客总体比例。

03 / WHAT I FOUND

信息就在眼前,
却未必足以支持行动。

01 / 信息

看见信息,不等于知道怎么用

贵阳有旅客找到登机口号码后,仍需确认路线和步行距离;不同渠道回答的也可能是不同问题。

02 / 流程

小机场也会有顺序疑问

德江一位旅客可以看到主要设施,却仍需工作人员说明先取登机牌、再过安检的顺序。也有首次乘机者顺利完成流程,不能将“新手”一概而论。

03 / 协作

人也是信息系统的一部分

工作人员会把通用规则解释成当前可执行的步骤;同行者分担查信息、保管证件与确认路线等任务。

04 / 时间

延误让问题从地点转向时间

一次短暂天气延误中,旅客知道自己在正确登机口,却仍不知道下一次信息何时更新。这是单次事件带来的启示,并非普遍发生率。

04 / RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION

从“空间可读性”,
走向流程可理解性。

论文用“流程可理解性”(process legibility)描述旅客能否从当前处境判断服务的阶段、顺序、进入条件和转场时机。它不是替代地图或导视,而是把物理空间、数字信息、现场人员与时间变化放在同一段旅程里理解。

01我处在哪个阶段?

理解当前已完成与尚未完成的任务。

02下一步有什么条件?

知道证件、行李和安检等要求。

03何时、从哪里获得更新?

在等待或延误时分辨已确认与未知的信息。

05 / DESIGN IMPLICATIONS

先定义不确定性,
再决定设计什么。

研究提示:在入口和关键流程转换点,把地点与下一项行动一起说明;让手机、显示屏、广播和工作人员的职责更易分辨;为首次乘机者提供人人可用、无需公开表明“不会乘机”的帮助。携带行李、照顾儿童或行动速度不同,也会改变一条路线是否真正可用。

RESEARCH OUTPUT

问题诊断与设计原则

论文提出可供后续服务设计使用的判断框架,而不是一套已经部署的机场方案。

NEXT STEP

与旅客和运营方共同验证

把原则转化为服务触点或原型后,还需在真实时间压力与不同旅行情境下测试。

这项研究没有测试新标识、应用或服务干预的效果;19 位受访者的材料不能推算问题在全部旅客中的发生比例。

06 / 参考文献

参考文献.

本研究涉及机场空间与流程、旅客体验、数字服务、情境意识及质性研究方法。以下条目保留论文使用的原始引文信息。

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